And in 1849, American naval vessels began systematic deep-sea soundings in the Atlantic. The method of armoring the cable to give it strength during laying and protection afterwards was adapted from the recently introduced iron wire ropes developed to work the hoisting machinery in Germany’s deep mines. For underwater use an insulator was needed, and gutta percha, the rubber-like sap of a tree found only in the British Empire and introduced to Britain a few years earlier, was the perfect material. Copper wire to conduct the signals was readily available, although of uncertain quality.
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Perhaps it was just that the time was right, but the beginnings of the submarine cable industry came about in the late 1840s from a series of unrelated events. a telegraphic communication on the electromagnetic plan may with certainty be established across the Atlantic Ocean! Startling as this may now seem, I am confident the time will come when this project will be realized." It’s generally accepted that the possibility of an Atlantic telegraph cable was first raised in 1843, when Samuel Morse, in a totally unwarranted yet eventually accurate fit of optimism, wrote ". With the limited technology of the time, how did the early cable engineers determine the best route, design their very long cable (the first of its kind), and get it safely to the sea bed? And in the 150 years from those first attempts to today’s routine cable laying expeditions, what has changed and what has stayed the same? Just four years later, in 1858, the project achieved its first success, and in 2008 we celebrated the 150th anniversary of the first Atlantic cable. Yet only a few years after that first cable, financiers and engineers were plotting a route across the Atlantic from Ireland to Newfoundland, a run one hundred times longer than that first cable to Europe. The quality of the materials used to make the first cables was inconsistent, their theory of operation was unwritten, and the transmitting and receiving instruments were primitive. Laying and maintaining long undersea cables has now been a routine operation for almost 150 years, but when New York businessman Cyrus Field proposed an Atlantic cable in 1854, it was only four years since the first-ever cable had been laid between England and France, a mere 20 miles.
CSRIC V provided recommendations for enhancing coordination between and among federal, state, and local agencies, and for promoting diversity of routes and landings.Copyright © 2012 Bill Burns - All rights reserved Between 2013-2017, the FCC tasked CSRIC IV and CSRIC V to examine, among other things, issues affecting undersea cables.
Pending and Granted Submarine Cable Applications.Applying for Submarine Cable Landing Licenses and Other Relevant Information.Stacey Ashton, Telecommunications & Analysis Division, International Bureau at (202) 418-2214.Gabrielle Kim, Attorney Advisor, Telecommunications & Analysis Division, International Bureau at (202) 418-0730įor matters related to circuit capacity reporting, please contact:.Denise Coca, Division Chief, Telecommunications & Analysis Division, International Bureau at (202) 418-0574.Arthur Lechtman, Attorney Advisor, Telecommunications & Analysis Division, International Bureau at (202) 418-1465įor matters related to interagency submarine coordination, please contact.Jodi Cooper, Attorney Advisor, Telecommunications & Analysis Division, International Bureau at (202) 418-2064.David Krech, Associate Division Chief, Telecommunications & Analysis Division, International Bureau at (202) 418-7443.Before granting the application, the FCC coordinates with the Department of State and any other agencies, as needed.įor submarine cable licensing matters, please contact: The Division also authorizes modifications and transfers or assignments of existing cable landing licenses.
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The FCC’s International Bureau, Telecommunications and Analysis Division (TAD) issues licenses to own and operate submarine cables and associated landing stations in the United States pursuant to the Commission’s authority under the Cable Landing License Act of 1921 and Executive Order No. To land or operate a submarine cable in the United States, submarine cable operators must obtain a cable landing license from the FCC.
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